Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
Private Massachusetts oceanographic research institution; lead institution of the nasa-funded Investigating Ocean Worlds (InvOW) project (2026–2031, ~$5M, 16-laboratory consortium). PI chris-german (WHOI senior scientist) and co-I Susan Lang (WHOI) anchor InvOW’s terrestrial-ocean and seafloor-hydrothermal expertise.
WHOI previously led the predecessor NASA-funded Exploring Ocean Worlds (ExOW) initiative — also under German — which focused on physical and geological processes rather than organic-biosignature interpretation.